In the 21st century, mankind has entered a highly informational society. PCB is an indispensable pillar of the information industry. Electronic equipment requires high performance, high speed and light weight. As a multidisciplinary industry, PCB is the most critical technology in high-end electronic equipment. PCB products, whether rigid, flexible, rigid - flexible multilayer boards, or modular substrates for IC package substrates, have made significant contributions to high-end electronics. This paper first introduces the development status of PCB in China, the world, Japan and the United States, and then introduces the technical changes and market trends of PCB. Finally, it introduces the prospect analysis of PCB technology, and then learns from Xiaobian.
PCB development
1. Development of China PCB
At present, the development of global printed circuit boards has entered a relatively stable development period. It has formed seven major production centers, including Hong Kong, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, the United States, Germany and Southeast Asia, with Asia accounting for 79.7% of global GDP. With its advantages in industrial layout and manufacturing costs, China has become the most important PCB production base in the world. In 2013, China's PCB production value accounted for more than 44.2% of the global total output value, but the individual market share of Chinese individual enterprises is small, and the market leading ability is not strong.
In the past two decades, China's PCB industry has developed rapidly through the introduction of advanced foreign technology and equipment. In 2002, China's PCB production exceeded Taiwan and became the world's third largest PCB manufacturer. In 2003, China's PCB production and import and export volume exceeded US$6 billion, becoming the world's second largest PCB producer. In 2006, China surpassed China for the first time. Japan, the world's first PCB manufacturing base, has become the world's largest PCB manufacturer for five consecutive years. In 2010, China's PCB production increased rapidly to 18.5 billion US dollars, and its global share rose to 39.8%. In 2012, the global PCB industry was affected by the weak global economy and its growth rate declined. China's PCB production value still occupies a higher market share in the world. As the economy recovers, the growth trend will continue from 2013 to 2016.
2. The status quo of global PCB development
PCB technology has been widely used since the mid-1950s. At present, PCB has become the "mother of electronic products." Its applications have penetrated into almost all terminal areas of the electronics industry, including computer, communications, consumer electronics, industrial control, automotive electronics, LED, IPTV, digital TV and other emerging electronic products. The use and market of PCB products will continue to expand.
In recent years, the global PCB industry has been growing steadily. Due to the global financial crisis in 2009, the output value of PCBs declined. With the gradual improvement of the global macro economy in 2010, the PCB industry began to recover, with an annual output value of 52.568 billion US dollars, a substantial increase in 2009, an increase of 27.33%.
The global financial crisis in 2008 has had a huge impact on the PCB industry, and the Chinese PCB industry has also been affected to some extent. The total output value of the national PCB industry dropped from US$15.037 billion in 2008 to US$14.252 billion in 2009, a decrease of 5.2% over the same period last year. In 2010, China's PCB industry recovered. The total output value of the national PCB industry was 19.971 billion US dollars, an increase of 40.1% over the same period last year. From 2011 to 2012, as the global electronics industry and PCB industry entered an adjustment period, China's PCB growth slowed down. The total output value of China's PCB industry was US$22.229 billion and US$22.234 billion, respectively, with growth rates of 10.30% and 0.02%, respectively. From 2013 to 2014, the total output value of China's PCB industry recovered, with growth rates of 11.62% and 6.01%, respectively. From 2014 to 2019, the compound annual growth rate of China's PCB industry was 5.1%. In 2016, the overall scale of the global PCB industry will reach 72.07 billion US dollars, and the annual compound growth rate of global PCB production will reach 5.38% from 2011 to 2016.
3. The status quo of PCB development in the United States
The industrial structure of the US PCB also tends to produce hard boards, accounting for more than 70% of the total. The proportion of hard boards in high-rise sheet production is higher than that of Japan and Taiwan. The proportion of 12 to 20 layers accounts for 21% of total PCB products, and the proportion of 22-layer boards accounts for 13% of total revenue. The proportion of products with more than 12 layers is over 30%, and the ratio of 4 to 10 layers is 17%. In the field of soft and hard boards, the main manufacturer in the United States is Multi-Fineline Electroniz, which is mainly assembled with soft boards. Products are widely used. Mobile phones are the most important application. Users include Apple, RIM, Motorola, and others.
In terms of product application, the US PCB industry uses PCBs for mobile phones as the main application products, accounting for 26%. Mult-Fineline is the representative of mobile phone soft boards, and Multek produces HDI boards for mobile phones. The secondary products of the US PCB industry are telecommunication equipment related applications and computer related product applications, accounting for 19% and 18%. TM Technologies, Inc. It is a major supplier of communications infrastructure applications in the United States. Its PCB products are used in aerospace and defense applications. In addition, the United States is also one of the major suppliers of server PCBs. Among the global server PCB suppliers, the first and second are American manufacturers, and the global market for US manufacturers accounts for more than 40% of the total. In addition, US PCB manufacturers have invested heavily in PCBs for automotive, medical, and military applications. In recent years, the proportion of US PCB companies in the top 100 has been shrinking, but the total output value has remained stable (about 4.6% of the global total), and the average output value has increased slightly, mainly due to business mergers; it is expected that in the next few years, It will remain the same or drop slightly.
4. Status of PCB development in Japan
According to Prismark, the output value of the Japanese printed circuit board industry in the global market has been declining in recent years. In 2014, the regional market output value was 6.62 billion US dollars, accounting for 11.5% of the global market in the same period. Japanese PCB manufacturers focus on producing high-level and high-priced PCB products, mainly soft and hard boards, accounting for about 47% of total PCB production. They are mainly used in mobile phones and hard drives. IC operators account for 30% of the total. The former two accounted for 77% of the total. Hardboard products account for only 21% of the total, and are high-tech and popular HDI boards. In terms of product applications, Japan's most widely used PCB industry is IC packaging, accounting for 30%, which is why Japanese manufacturers produce high proportion of IC cardboard. In this area, Ibiden is the most important company in the world. Its products are FCBGA and FCCSP applications. Shinko Electric is also a leader in this field, with flip chip, P-BGA and P-CSP as the main substrates. Japan's PCB board is mainly used in the mobile phone field, accounting for 25% of the total output; Japan ranks first, more than 30% of its product portfolio is related to mobile phones, mainly used for mobile phone LCD software; Ibiden's application on mobile phones is mainly HDI and Anylayer HDI, while Japanese PCB manufacturers mainly use Apple and Nokia in the mobile phone customer base, so the smartphone market has a place. Continued growth will also help the Japanese PCB industry. Automotive-related applications account for 13% of Japan's PCB production. Although they did not consider other applications, Japan's PCB industry has led the world in the supply of automotive PCB products, such as CMK, Meiko and so on.
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